CNCThe processing should be divided into two categories: low-speed machining and high-speed machining, and ordinary machines refer to the number of revolutions of the machine tool8000Machine tools within the revolution, high-speed machines refer to the number of revolutions that can be exceeded12000The machine tool is rotated, in between8000—12000The machine tool between is called a high-speed machine, and this parameter is only for ordinary machines.

CNCThe processing technology is customarily divided into three categories, coarse and medium(Semi-spirited), light knife(Finish milling), it is generally believed that larger knives are suitable for coarseness(fly cutters and end mills)And use the larger onedepth of cutand step distance(Heavy cutting)to remove material quickly and in large quantities. The light knife is used for light cutting(Small cut deep,, small step spacing)Operate with higher rpm and feed rates for perfect surface accuracy. The light plane is used as an end mill(Or a fillet knife)and fly cutters, end milling cutters for optical vertical walls, and ball cutters for light curved surfaces(Or a fillet knife)。

During the processing process, according to the material hardness of the parts to be processed, appropriate tools should be selected, such as plastic, wood, etc., domestic white steel knives can be selected. Copper, aluminum and hardness are in Rockwell38Steel within the degree(as45No. Steel,Ace material)Imported steel knives and domestic high-quality steel knives should be selected. Materials with greater hardness(Such as hardened mold steel)Alloy knives, titanium-plated knives or tungsten steel knives should be preferred.

1. The importance of reasonable selection of CNC machining center tools and cutting amount

Tools are the most important part of the machine tool, and on the other hand, we can understand that choosing a reasonable CNC machining center tool can improve the efficiency of the machine tool. In order to be able to machine parts more efficiently, we also have to control the amount of cutting. If we can really grasp the two aspects of CNC machining center tools and cutting volume, then this machine tool will give full play to its effectiveness and be able to process parts safely and smoothly. Because of this, we must make careful and reasonable choices. This can not only ensure the quality of work and improve our work efficiency, but also effectively reduce our production costs, and is also an important way for enterprises to improve economic benefits.

2. The basic characteristics of the machining center tool

Under normal circumstances, in order to be able to process qualified parts, but also to be able to adapt to the machining accuracy requirements of CNC machine tools, the requirements for CNC machining center tools are still very high. Generally, the central processing tool and tool system that can be used as a CNC machine tool have the following characteristics: first of all, we have certain specifications for the height of the blade and tool holder, because the CNC machine tool is not manually operated but belongs to the machine category, so there is no flexibility of human operation, we must require the height of the blade and tool holder, so that the processed parts can be consistent. Secondly, we also have a certain standardization for the setting of tool parameters of the blade. Because only in this way can the parts produced be more standard. In fact, the blade and tool parameters should match the workpiece material we want to process, because sometimes if the blade and tool parameters are relatively different from the processed workpiece, it is easy to cause damage to the processed workpiece. Thirdly, we must have requirements for the rigidity of the blade when choosing a blade. The blade we choose should have good rigidity. Finally, you must choose a knife handle with relatively high strength, under the premise of good rigidity and wear resistance, the quality of the knife handle and props should be within the required standards. In the end, we must also place the blades on the machine in the right place, so that the parts we cut can meet the standards. The rotation angle of the tool holder must be guaranteed, as well as the accuracy requirements for reloading and repeated positioning.

3. Machining center tool material

(1) Commonly used tool materials. Since the workpieces we make are diverse, the tools made according to the requirements of the workpiece are also diverse.high-speed steel, cemented carbide, ceramics, diamond and coated carbide, etc. These are the materials commonly used by us to manufacture CNC tools. However, the most widely used materials are high-speed steel, cemented carbide and coated cemented carbide.

(2) Comparison of tool performance. The performance of the knife is directly related to the material from which the knife is made. Among the materials from which we make knives, the best are HSS and coated HSS. This is due to the characteristics of the steel itself, so the tool toughness of high-speed steel and coated high-speed steel is better. Among common tool materials, tools with coated carbide as the material have the highest hardness. However, because we make special workpieces, we generally do not use tools of these materials according to the requirements of the workpiece. It is only used when making harder materials.

(3) Types of knives. Since there are so many parts we need to make, we need a lot of types of tools. The types of these tools are generally designed according to the needs of the machined parts and the purpose of the tools. We can divide the tools we usually use into three categories, the first category is contour machining tools, the second category is hole machining tools, and the third category is some special machining tools. Based on the above classification, we can see that this classification is differentiated by the purpose of the knife. As a contoured machining tool, it is also divided into three categories, face mills, end mills and ball nose cutters. Hole machining tools are divided into drills, reamers and boring tools. The blade of the face mill is common to us, and the insert and tool body are installed very neatly, which can increase our production efficiency, and can also improve the quality of the workpieces we produce. But not every wheel must use this kind of tool, we have to choose the right workpiece and machine tool to install, this kind of tool is generally more convenient and fast, we can install according to the size of the workpiece we want, we can also choose different tool models, this is our operation, more flexible. The diameter of this type of tool is generally controlled between 40 ~ 400mm.

End mills are the most commonly used tools in our machine tools. End mills are also divided into monolithic and insert inserts. The diameter of the inlay is generally controlled at 20mm. However, our general insert blades are controlled above 20mm. This is the most important difference between the two blades. These tools are generally suitable for machining curved workpieces.

A ball head cutter is actually a cylindrical ball nose milling cutter, which we only use when processing some finer workpieces. When we use this kind of tool to process the parts with more fine technology, such workpieces have higher requirements for surface quality than ordinary workpieces, but due to the particularity of the shape of the ball nose cutter itself, it is very unsuitable for surface milling.

The drill bits we commonly use are some materials with a relatively hard texture, such as high-speed steel, carbide and coated carbide. We generally divide drill bits intoCenter drilland standard twist drills.

We often divide reamers into high-speed steel reamers, welding carbide knives andFloating reamerThree categories.

There are many classifications of boring tools, and generally we often divide boring tools into rough boring tools, fine boring tools, floating boring tools, etc. For fine boring tools, we can adjust their precision and also control the direction of the diameter.

4. The principle of tool selection of the machining center

When we machine the center tool, the first principle we need to consider is to match the material properties of our workpiece, and also consider the material and other factors of the machining center tool according to the processing process to make a reasonable choice. The choice of knife is very important. Generally, when we machine center tools, we must first consider the cost performance when choosing. The first thing we need to consider is to choose a material that is most beneficial to us and can best utilize the value of the central tool. This process is definitely very troublesome, but if we can really choose a suitable machining center tool, it will be very beneficial for us when we carry out the process. Because a suitable central tool can not only improve our work efficiency, but also reduce our production costs, and at the same time, it can also make our workpieces have a higher qualification rate. Selecting tools is one thing, and we also need to carry out strict control when installing tools. The knife should also have good rigidity, durability and high accuracy. Try to choose a shorter shank, as a shorter shank can improve the rigidity of the knife.

When choosing tools, those tools with higher prices are naturally better, but the cost performance of workpieces that do not require very high processing technology is not very high.

5. Selection of cutting dosage

With the right tools, it is very important for us to choose the cutting amount reasonably. Because the amount of cutting is directly related to the quality of what we produce. If we can make reasonable selection, cutting, and dosage, then we can improve the efficiency of the processing link and the quality of the machined parts. In fact, how to make a reasonable choice is not a fixed number, but requires us to constantly explore and summarize in practice before we can determine an appropriate range of cutting dosage. In fact, the choice of cutting amount is the amount of knife eating on the backEat the amount of knife on the side, and the speed of cutting. As long as we can control these aspects, then we can analyze the parameters in the work, and then we can make reasonable choices and cutting amounts.

Table 1(Throwing knives.)Open roughin order to45Steel as an example)

Table 2(Imported.)The white steel flat knife is roughAluminum alloy45No. Steel)

Table 3(White steel ball knife light knife.)  Aluminum alloy  45No. Steel)

Table 4(Tungsten steel ball cutter glossy.)45No. Steel Stainless Steel)

Table 5(Tungsten steel flat knife light knife45No. Steel Stainless Steel)

Table 6(White steel flat knife light knifeAluminum alloy45No. Steel)